Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of NSAIDs?

The potential adverse effect of NSAIDs that stands out is the risk of cardiovascular events. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. However, epidemiological studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that certain NSAIDs can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular problems, such as heart attacks and strokes.

This risk is particularly notable with long-term use and higher doses of certain NSAIDs, as they can lead to fluid retention, hypertension, and possibly aggravation of existing heart conditions. The mechanism behind these effects primarily involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are critical for producing prostaglandins that promote vascular health. When prostaglandin synthesis is disrupted, it can lead to unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes.

Understanding the potential for cardiovascular events is crucial for healthcare providers when prescribing NSAIDs, particularly for patients with pre-existing heart conditions or those at risk for cardiovascular disease. By weighing the benefits against this risk, clinicians can make informed decisions regarding pain management strategies.